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[(whic)-5.3(h)-355.5(h)1.6(a)-5.3(s)-355.3(been)-361.2(isola)-5.3(t)1.5(ed)-361.2(from)]TJ
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[(et)-228.4(al.,)]TJ
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[(20)5.7(17)5.7(\))5.8(.)]TJ
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[(Bacterial)-373.1(growth)-376.2(of)]TJ
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[(under)-369.5(these)-370.6(harsh)]TJ
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[(conditions)-294.6(is)-295.9(enabled)-299.3(by)-295.9(the)-292.6(expression)-295.3(of)-295.9(various)-296.8(osmolyte)]TJ
T*
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[(with)-391.4(an)-389.3(accumulation)-393.9(of)-393.8(carbohydrates)-393.2(as)-389.1(energy)-394.8(resource)]TJ
T*
[(\()-81.7(Mykyt)-6.5(czuk)]TJ
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[(et)-573.7(al.,)]TJ
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[(2013\).)-573.4(Furthermore,)-577.7(analyses)-570.7(of)-572.4(the)]TJ
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[(proteome)-300.5(of)]TJ
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[(P.)-293.7(halocryophilus)]TJ
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[(revealed)-301.5(intricate)-301.9(changes)-299(in)]TJ
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[(protein)-274(expression)-272.2(\(Raymond-Bouchard)]TJ
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16.3921 0 TD
[(et)-268.4(al.,)]TJ
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[(2017\).)-268.1(Under)]TJ
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[(subzero)-395.7(growth)-399.2(conditions,)-396(this)-396.1(bacterial)-395.1(strain)-399.5(develops)-397(a)]TJ
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[(nodular)-383.4(sheet-like)-389(crust)-386.7(around)-382.1(the)-384.7(cells)-382.3(which)-387.8(might)-381.4(pro-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(vide)-431.9(protection)-434.2(against)-430.6(cold)-431.9(and)-430.7(osmotic)-430.6(stress)-433.5(\(Ronholm)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
T*
[(et)-337.6(al.,)]TJ
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2.6783 0 TD
[(2015;)-333.9(Mykytczuk)]TJ
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[(et)-331.8(al.,)]TJ
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(2016\).)Tj
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[(The)-276.4(ability)-274.3(to)-278.8(tolerate)-277.6(these)-278.5(cold)-276.4(and)-275.2(salty)-277.4(conditions)-277.3(was)]TJ
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[(the)-344.4(reason)-348.5(for)-348.8(choosing)]TJ
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[(P.)-345.6(halocryophilus)]TJ
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7.5683 0 TD
[(as)-343(a)-347.8(suitable)-345.4(an-)]TJ
7.9311 67.9184 TD
[(alog)-293.7(microorganism)-295.6(to)-290.3(test)-293.6(how)-292.2(well)-288.9(microbes)-294.5(on)-290.2(Earth)-295.9(can)]TJ
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[(adapt)-520.6(to)-514.9(the)-517.2(conditions)-519.2(prevailing)-514.8(on)-520.6(Mars)-513.1(and)-517.1(whether)]TJ
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[(adapt)-8(ion)-256.9(to)-255.8(high-concentration)-266.8(perchlorate)-264.6(brines)-261.1(is)-255.6(possible)]TJ
T*
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/F8 1 Tf
T*
[(P.)-385.9(halocryophi)-8.8(lus)]TJ
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-7.6489 -1.1174 TD
[(glanc)-8(e,)-454.9(might)-456.3(not)-452.7(appear)-459.3(relevant)-456(to)-457.3(martian)-460.8(habitability,)]TJ
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[(given)-289(that)-282.3(the)-286.8(molecular)-285.6(oxygen)-284.2(\(O)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 454.9038 657.751 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 458.5889 659.3951 Tm
[(\))-283.3(content)-286.8(in)-284.6(the)-281.1(martian)]TJ
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[(atmos)-7.8(phere)-434(is)-439.9(very)-437.5(low)-442(\(0.13%\).)-434.9(However,)-441.4(recent)-442.2(studies)]TJ
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[(found)-276.2(that)-276.5(martian)-276.4(brines)-278.4(can)-276.3(be)-274.1(enriched)-277.3(with)-276.2(dissolved)-275.9(O)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 548.5038 635.8109 Tm
(2)Tj
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[(up)-399.6(to)-394(2)-168.1(mol)-396.3(m)]TJ
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(-)Tj
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(3)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 379.729 626.5132 Tm
[(,)-395.1(enabling)-397.3(aerobic)-403(microbes)-398.2(to)-394(metabolize)]TJ
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[(\(Stam)-7.8(enkovic)]TJ
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()Tj
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[(et)-268.4(al.,)]TJ
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[(2018\).)-268.1(In)-261.3(addition,)-267.2(there)-267.1(might)-266.2(be)-268.3(other)]TJ
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[(suitab)-7.8(le)-441.2(extraterrestrial)-444.2(habitats)-449.1(that)-437.8(provide)-446.7(both)-436.5(osmotic)]TJ
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[(stress)-341.3(conditions)-334.9(and)-332.8(feasible)-334.9(O)]TJ
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(2)Tj
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(levels.)Tj
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[(P.)-328.3(halocryophilus)]TJ
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()Tj
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[(C\))-245.1(and)-246.4(low)-240.5(temperatur)-10.2(e)-244.2(\()0(4)]TJ
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()Tj
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[(C\))-245.1(for)-245.1(various)-244.9(Cl)]TJ
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(-)Tj
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[(and)-246.4(ClO)]TJ
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(4)Tj
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(-)Tj
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[(salts.)-395.9(Furthermore,)-387.6(we)-390.1(invest)-7.8(igated)-389.3(the)-390.5(phenotypic)-388(adapta-)]TJ
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[(phology)-606.9(and)-603.5(the)-603.6(formation)-605.8(of)-601.2(cell)-606(clusters.)-607.7(This)-604.5(study)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(exam)-8(ines)-840.7(several)-852(major)-843.2(aspects)-846.1(important)-847.8(for)-844.2(astro-)]TJ
T*
[(biological)-273.1(research)-272.4(especially)-275.1(on)-267.1(Mars)-265.4(where)-273.6(Cl)]TJ
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(-)Tj
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9.843 0 0 9.843 511.1432 505.9841 Tm
[(and)-263.6(ClO)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 544.4219 504.34 Tm
(4)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
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(-)Tj
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9.843 0 0 9.843 313.0582 494.9857 Tm
[(brines)-278.4(might)-271.9(be)-274.1(the)-275.3(last)-276.3(possible)-274.8(refuges)-274.7(for)-273.9(life)-276.5(\(Davila)-276.1(and)]TJ
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[(Schulze-Ma)-10.8(kuch,)-331.6(2016\).)]TJ
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[(2.)-501.1(Materials)-339(and)-331.9(Methods)]TJ
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[(2.1.)-502.8(Organism)-332.7(and)-335.7(culture)-331.5(conditions)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 426.444 Tm
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[(Th)6.2(e)-576.6(b)6.2(ac)5.1(te)5.1(ria)5.1(l)-575.6(s)6.4(t).4(r)6.3(a)-.7(in)]TJ
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[(Pl)5.3(an)5.4(ococcu)5.4(s)-576.1(h)-.3(a)5.4(l)-.4(o)5.4(c)-1.5(r)5.6(y)-1.5(op)5.4(hi)5.3(lu)5.4(s)]TJ
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[(Or)6.7(1)]TJ
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[(\(DSM)-311.2(24743)]TJ
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(T)Tj
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[(DSMZGerman)-527.3(Collection)-516(of)-520.5(Microorganisms)-520.8(and)-517.1(Cell)]TJ
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()Tj
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[(C\()232.5(o)253.4(p)232.5(t)253.2(i)232.5(m)252(u)232.5(m)]TJ
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()Tj
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[(C)-532(\()0(l)15(o)0(w)-521.4(t)0(e)19.5(m)0(p)19.6(e)0(r)19.7(a)0(t)19.6(u)0(r)15.1(e)-532.2(co)19.7(nt)20.7(ro)15.1(l\))-520.7(in)]TJ
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T*
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(2)Tj
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[(\),)-378.9(ca)18.5(l-)]TJ
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[(ci)13.8(um)-389.3(ch)19.7(lo)20.7(ri)15(de)-389.3(\(C)19.8(aC)18.6(l)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 395.2629 315.2125 Tm
(2)Tj
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[(\),)-390.4(so)21(di)20.7(um)-395.1(pe)19.7(rc)19.7(hl)20.7(or)20.9(at)13.8(e)-399.7(\()0(N)20(a)0(C)18.7(l)0(O)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 518.9668 315.2125 Tm
(4)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 522.5952 316.8566 Tm
[(\),)-390.4(ma)18.4(g-)]TJ
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[(ne)13.9(si)20.9(um)-648.5(pe)19.7(rc)19.7(hl)20.7(or)15.1(at)19.5(e)-658.9(\()-70.2(Mg)14.2(\(C)19.8(lO)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 434.3243 304.2708 Tm
(4)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 437.8959 305.9149 Tm
(\))Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 441.1274 304.2708 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 444.6991 305.9149 Tm
[(\),)-649.6(or)-647.3(ca)18.5(lc)19.6(iu)20.7(m)-658.9(p)0(e)19.7(r)0(c)14(h)0(l)20.7(o)0(r)20.9(a)0(t)19.5(e)]TJ
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[(\(C)14.1(a\()19.7(Cl)19.7(O)]TJ
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(4)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 349.9653 294.9731 Tm
(\))Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 353.14 293.329 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 356.7117 294.9731 Tm
[(\).)-309.8(Th)19.6(e)-319(m)0(e)18.4(d)0(i)14.9(a)-319(we)18.8(re)-308.6(pr)20.9(ep)19.7(ar)13.9(ed)-308.6(by)-307.5(mi)19.5(xi)20.7(ng)-313.2(th)20.7(e)-319(m)0(e)18.4(d)0(i)20.7(a)]TJ
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[(C)-337.9(and)-329.4(4)]TJ
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3.5977 0 TD
()Tj
/F3 1 Tf
.392 0 TD
(C)Tj
/F2 1 Tf
-11.2611 -1.6123 TD
[(3.1.1.)-504.4(Growth)-393.4(curves)-395.2(and)-392.6(MSCg)-398.8(values.)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 242.929 67.5779 Tm
[(For)-394.8(determin-)]TJ
-18.6096 -1.1116 TD
[(ing)-406.6(the)-407.8(MSCg)-409.4(values)-412(of)-405.3(all)-407.9(Cl)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 186.8031 61.0016 Tm
(-)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 194.9102 56.6362 Tm
[(and)-407.6(ClO)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 229.5495 54.9921 Tm
(4)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.5069 .9159 TD
(-)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 241.3417 56.6362 Tm
[(salts,)-407.4(we)-407.4(used)]TJ
7.0614 67.9184 TD
[(growth)-312.8(versus)-318.4(death)-313.2(as)-314.2(a)-319(distinction)-313.2(criterion.)-315.5(For)-314.1(example,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(after)-474.4(6)-467.6(days)-471.9(of)-474.5(incubation)-474.5(in)-468.9(CaCl)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 457.6818 712.573 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 461.3668 714.1605 Tm
[(-rich)-473.3(media,)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
5.5466 0 TD
[(P.)-472.3(halo-)]TJ
-20.8386 -1.1116 TD
(cryophilus)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
4.4868 0 TD
[(shows)-265.2(an)-262.5(increase)-261(in)-261.5(CFU)-264.2(values)-262.3(\()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
13.9097 0 TD
(i.e.,)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
1.7394 0 TD
[(growth\))-262.1(at)]TJ
-20.1359 -1.1116 TD
(25)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.9964 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.3974 0 TD
[(C)-307.4(under)-300.4(all)-304.2(tested)-308.5(salt)-305.1(concentrations)-308.2(with)-305(the)-304.1(exception)]TJ
-1.3938 -1.1116 TD
[(of)-520.5(9)-162.4(wt%;)-525(hence)-521.6(at)-521.9(this)-517.1(temperature)-525.1(the)-523(MSCg)-518.8(value)-520.6(is)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(8)-168.1(wt%)-310.6(\(Fig.)-313(1\).)-310.9(However,)-314.7(at)-314.5(4)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
12.1991 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.3974 0 TD
[(C)-313.1(the)-309.9(MSCg)-317.2(value)-313.2(is)-313.2(greater)]TJ
-12.5965 -1.1116 TD
[(with)-333.8(10)-163.5(wt%)-339.4(\(embedded)-337.2(plot)-333(of)-330.5(Fig.)-335(1\).)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(A)15.3(l)0(l)-388.4(g)0(r)20.9(o)16.2(wt)25.6(h)-404.3(c)15(ur)20.9(v)16.2(e)0(s)-389.1(g)0(e)19.7(n)16.2(er)25.5(at)25.3(ed)-395(a)15(r)0(e)-389.2(p)0(r)26.6(o)0(v)20.8(i)16(de)25.4(d)-404.3(i)0(n)-388.2(t)0(h)26.5(e)-405.4(Su)26.8(pp)26.6(le)25.3(-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(m)15(e)0(n)25.4(t)0(a)25.3(r)0(y)-480.2(M)15.3(at)25.3(er)25.5(ia)19.6(l)16.1(s)-490.5(\(F)26.8(ig)26.5(.)-493(S)16.3(1)26.6(S1)21(2)16.2(,)-487.2(av)19.7(a)15(i)0(l)26.3(a)0(b)25.4(l)0(e)-481.5(o)16.2(nl)26.5(in)26.5(e)-491.8(a)0(t)-475.8(w)0(w)24.9(w)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(.)13.9(l)0(i)26.3(e)0(b)25.4(e)0(r)25.5(t)0(o)26.5(n)0(l)20.7(i)16.1(ne)25.4(.)13.9(c)0(o)19.7(m)15(/a)25.3(st)26.7(\).)-194.6(T)15(h)0(e)-193.4(r)0(e)19.7(s)16.4(ul)26.5(ti)20.6(n)16.2(g)-202.7(MS)20.1(C)15.2(g)-208.4(v)16.2(a)0(l)25.3(u)0(e)25.4(s)-208.3(f)16.2(o)0(r)-192.2(a)0(l)19.5(l)-202.8(sa)25.6(lt)26.3(s)]TJ
T*
[(a)15(n)0(d)-578.2(t)0(e)25.3(m)0(p)25.4(e)0(r)25.5(a)0(t)25.3(u)0(r)20.9(e)15(s,)-580.3(i)16(n)0(c)25.4(l)0(u)26.5(d)0(i)26.5(n)0(g)-578.2(t)0(h)26.5(e)0(i)25.3(r)-594.3(c)15(o)0(r)26.6(r)0(e)19.7(s)16.4(po)26.6(nd)20.8(i)16.1(n)0(g)-578.2(t)16.1(ot)20.7(a)15(l)-588.7(io)26.5(n)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(c)15(o)0(n)26.6(c)0(e)24.3(n)0(t)20.7(r)16.2(at)25.3(io)20.7(n)16.2(s)-254.3(\(s)21.1(u)16.2(m)-255.7(o)16.2(f)-260.3(c)15(a)0(t)25.3(i)0(o)26.5(n)-254.5(an)25.4(d)-254.5(a)0(n)19.7(i)16.1(on)-244.1(c)15(o)0(n)26.6(c)0(e)24.3(n)0(t)20.7(r)16.2(at)25.3(io)26.5(n\))20.9(,)-251.1(a)0(n)25.4(i)0(o)26.5(n)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(c)15(o)0(n)26.6(c)0(e)24.3(n)0(t)20.7(r)16.2(at)25.3(io)20.7(n)16.2(s)0(,)-171.4(i)16.1(on)20.8(i)16.1(c)-186.6(s)16.4(t)0(r)26.5(e)0(n)19.7(g)16.2(th)26.5(s,)-171.4(an)25.4(d)-185.4(w)15.3(at)25.3(er)-170.4(ac)24.3(ti)26.3(vi)20.7(t)16.1(i)0(e)25.3(s)-185.2(a)15(r)0(e)-170.4(l)0(i)20.6(s)16.4(te)25.3(d)-185.4(i)16(n)]TJ
T*
[(T)15(a)0(b)25.4(l)0(e)-199.3(1)0(.)-200.4(T)15(he)-199.2(MS)25.9(Cg)-199.1(\(w)25.8(t%)25.4(\),)-200.3(t)16(o)0(t)20.7(a)15(l)-208.6(m)0(o)25.4(l)0(a)19.6(r)-208.4(io)26.5(n)-208.4(c)0(o)19.7(n)16.2(ce)24.3(nt)26.5(ra)25.5(ti)20.6(o)16.2(n)0(s)26.8(,)-210.8(an)19.7(d)]TJ
T*
[(a)15(n)0(i)26.5(o)0(n)-255.6(c)0(o)25.4(n)0(c)25.4(e)0(n)25.4(t)0(r)20.7(a)15(ti)26.3(on)20.8(s)-265.8(a)15(re)-256.8(pl)26.5(ot)26.5(te)19.6(d)-266(a)15(s)-271.6(b)16.2(ar)-256.8(c)15(h)0(a)25.4(r)0(t)20.7(s)-265.9(in)-255.8(F)16.3(i)0(g)26.5(.)-268.4(2.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(Ov)20(er)19.7(al)19.5(l,)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
3.4328 0 TD
[(P.)-236.1(ha)20.8(lo)20.7(cr)14.1(yo)19.7(ph)20.8(il)20.6(us)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
7.2284 0 TD
-.0193 Tc
[(s)-19.3(h)1.7(o)-19.3(w).7(s)-267.9(h)-19.3(ig)-19.3(h)-251.9(h)-19.3(al)-19.3(ot)-19.3(ol)-19.3(er)-19.3(an)-19.3(ce)-19.3(s)-258.6(t)-19.3(o)-252(a)-19.3(ll)]TJ
-11.6749 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
(Cl)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 319.9747 554.1731 Tm
(-)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 326.7779 549.8077 Tm
[(an)19.7(d)-271.8(C)0(l)19.7(O)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 359.6598 548.1636 Tm
(4)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.4838 .9159 TD
(-)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 370.0345 549.8077 Tm
[(sa)19.9(lt)20.6(s)-277.4(a)0(t)-262.7(b)0(o)15.1(t)0(h)-261.5(2)0(5)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
6.0131 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.3859 0 TD
.2786 Tc
[(Ca)278.6(n)298.3(d)1(4)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.139 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.3859 0 TD
.2735 Tc
[(C\()273.5(F)294.5(i)273.5(g)288.5(.)-.6(2)273.5(A)293.5(,2)273.5(B)293.3(\))273.5(.)9.8(T)273.5(h)287.4(e)]TJ
-15.9371 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
(Cl)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 319.9747 543.2313 Tm
(-)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 327.2314 538.866 Tm
[(to)20.7(le)19.6(ra)14(nc)19.7(e)-324.8(i)0(s)-313.2(a)0(t)-314.5(l)0(e)19.6(a)0(s)19.9(t)-323.8(2.)18.5(5-)20.9(fo)20.9(ld)-313.3(hi)20.7(gh)15.1(er)-314.4(th)20.7(an)-314.4(th)20.7(e)-324.8(t)0(o)20.7(l)0(e)19.5(r)0(a)19.7(n)0(c)19.7(e)-324.8(to)]TJ
-1.6646 -1.1174 TD
[(Cl)19.7(O)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 326.9479 526.2235 Tm
(4)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.4838 .9159 TD
(-)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 338.8535 527.8676 Tm
[(in)-411.3(me)18.4(di)14.9(a)-422.7(w)0(i)14.1(t)0(h)-417(t)0(h)20.7(e)-428.5(sa)19.9(me)-419.3(ca)18.5(ti)20.6(on)-416.9(\(F)21(ig)20.7(.)-429.6(2)0(C)19.8(\))0(.)-413.4(H)0(o)20(w)0(e)13(v)0(e)19.7(r)0(,)]TJ
-2.8453 -1.1116 TD
[(wi)19.8(th)-353.7(12)-146.2(wt)19.8(%)-359.3(\()0(1)15.1(.)13.9(1)-156.6(M)0(\))-354.4(N)0(a)18.8(C)0(l)19.7(O)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 424.0062 515.2817 Tm
(4)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 431.2629 516.9258 Tm
[(at)-354.8(25)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
2.062 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.3859 0 TD
.3651 Tc
[(Cw)365.1(e)15.3(f)365.1(o)386(u)365.1(n)380.2(d)6.9(t)365.1(h)385.8(eh)365.1(i)385.8(g)365.1(h)385.9(e)365.1(s)385(t)]TJ
-14.6815 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
[(mi)19.5(cr)19.7(ob)20.8(ia)19.5(l)-364.1(t)0(o)20.7(l)0(e)19.6(r)0(a)14(n)0(c)19.7(e)-359.4(to)-353.7(Na)18.8(Cl)19.7(O)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 429.1652 504.34 Tm
(4)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 436.4219 505.9841 Tm
[(de)13.9(sc)19.9(ri)20.7(be)19.7(d)-364(s)0(o)-353.3(f)0(a)19.7(r)0(.)-350.1(T)0(h)19.6(e)-365.1(lo)20.7(we)18.8(st)]TJ
-12.7577 -1.1174 TD
[(to)20.7(le)19.5(ra)19.7(te)19.6(d)-438.8(w)0(a)18.8(t)0(e)19.5(r)-433(ac)12.8(ti)20.6(vi)20.7(ty)-422.8(wa)13(s)-432.9(0)0(.)18.5(9)0(0)-422.7(i)0(n)-428.5(1)0(4)-146.2(w)0(t)19.8(%)-434.1(\(2)20.9(.8)-148.5(M\))-429.3(Na)18.8(Cl)19.7(,)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(wh)20(il)20.6(e)-503.4(t)0(h)20.7(e)-497.6(hi)14.9(gh)20.8(es)19.9(t)-502.3(t)0(o)20.7(l)0(e)19.6(r)0(a)19.7(b)0(l)20.7(e)-503.4(io)20.7(ni)20.7(c)-503.4(s)0(t)20.9(r)0(e)19.7(n)0(g)15.1(t)0(h)-486.1(\()0(3)15.1(.)13.8(9)-156.6(m)0(o)19.6(l)0(/)14.8(L)0(\))-487.2(w)0(a)18.8(s)]TJ
T*
[(re)19.7(ac)18.5(he)19.7(d)-323.6(i)0(n)-313.3(1)0(1)-146.2(w)0(t)19.8(%)-324.7(\(1)20.9(.3)-148.5(M\))-314.1(Mg)19.9(Cl)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 441.751 471.4581 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 448.6676 473.1022 Tm
[(at)-314.5(25)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
2.0217 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.3859 0 TD
-.0201 Tc
[(C)-344.8(\()-20.1(Ta)-20.1(bl)-20.1(e)-334.6(1)-20.1(\).)]TJ
/F2 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 320.8251 446.1731 Tm
0 Tc
[(3.1.2.)-498.1(Effect)-777.5(of)-773(the)-777.4(inoculation)-779.3(method)-775.3(\(IM\))-780.8(on)-773.9(the)]TJ
-1.1128 -1.2203 TD
(MSCg.)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 347.1873 435.2314 Tm
[(The)-351.2(applied)-355.9(IM)-354.4(effects)-356.6(the)-355.9(growth)-358.9(curves)-354.3(and)-355.8(the)]TJ
-3.692 -1.1116 TD
[(resulting)-333.8(MSCg)-334.5(values)-337.2(in)-330.6(the)-338.7(following)-333.7(ways:)]TJ
.9964 -1.7222 TD
[(\(1\))-504.3(At)-481.3(25)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
4.147 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.3974 0 TD
[(C,)-477.9(the)-482.6(MSCg)-478.5(values)-481.2(could)-479.1(only)-482.6(be)-481.4(reached)]TJ
-2.8741 -1.1116 TD
[(with)-437.5(IM)-440.8(2)-438.8(\(progressive)-441.4(culture)-442.2(adaptation)-441.1(at)-441.2(25)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
20.2281 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.3974 0 TD
(C\))Tj
-20.6255 -1.1174 TD
[(but)-458.5(not)-464.2(with)-460.6(IM)-463.8(1)-456.1(\(inoculation)-465.3(with)-460.6(stock)-467.4(culture\))]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(where)-475.2(cell)-473.5(death)-474.5(occurs)-475.2(already)-477.8(at)-470(lower)-479.9(salt)-472.2(con-)]TJ
T*
[(centrations.)-382.1(For)-383.2(example,)-384.6(the)-379(MSCg)-386.3(for)-377.6(MgCl)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 527.1873 361.8708 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 534.6707 363.5149 Tm
(was)Tj
-20.0726 -1.1174 TD
[(9)-168.1(wt%)-368.2(at)-372.1(25)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
4.9649 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.3974 0 TD
[(C)-370.8(when)-369.3(the)-373.2(media)-372.1(was)-373.8(inoculated)-372(with)]TJ
-5.3623 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-258(stock)-260(culture)-257.9(\(IM)-263.3(1\);)-256.8(however,)-262(a)-255.7(stepwise)-259.5(\(1)-169.2(wt%\))]TJ
T*
[(increase)-370.5(in)-370.9(the)-367.5(MgCl)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 423.1558 328.9889 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 430.4692 330.633 Tm
[(concentration)-370.7(\(IM)-372.8(2\))-370.8(resulted)]TJ
-9.4862 -1.1116 TD
[(in)-342.1(a)-347.8(MSCg)-346(of)-347.7(11)-169.2(wt%)-345.2(MgCl)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 452.5227 318.0471 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 459.6093 319.6913 Tm
[(\(Fig.)-347.6(S3\).)-346.4(It)-347.9(is)-347.7(notable)]TJ
-12.4467 -1.1174 TD
[(that)-357.2(the)-361.7(length)-359.4(of)-359.3(the)-361.7(growth)-358.9(curve)-359.1(lag)-361.7(phase)-359(\(occa-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(sionally)-476.7(including)-483.8(an)-475.7(initial)-481.8(CFU)-477.3(reduction\))-480.1(is)-480.2(en-)]TJ
T*
[(hanced)-914.4(with)-915.6(increasing)-913(salt)-915.7(concentration)-917.9(and)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(decreasing)-338.1(temperatures)-341.6(\()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
10.4769 0 TD
(e.g.,)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
2.0332 0 TD
[(Figs.)-335.9(1)-335.2(and)-332.8(S1\).)]TJ
-14.1804 -1.1116 TD
-.0162 Tc
[(\()-16.2(2)10.4(\))-501.1(A)-.9(ppl)-16.2(y)10.3(i)-.1(ng)-213.1(IM)-214(3)-213.1(\()-16.2(4)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
8.3976 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
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(C)Tj
/F14 1 Tf
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(/)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
1.3881 0 TD
(25)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.9734 0 TD
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.3801 0 TD
-.0157 Tc
[(C)-213.7(i).4(nocu)-15.7(l)10.8(atio)-15.7(n)10.9(\))-212.6(resu)-15.7(l)10.8(t).3(ed)-212.6(in)-212.6(an)]TJ
-10.7591 -1.1116 TD
-.0159 Tc
[(incr)-15.9(e)9.6(a)-.9(se)-242.8(of)-247.4(the)-242.8(M)-.6(SC)-15.9(g)-232.2(v).3(alues)-247.2(a)-.9(t)-241.8(2).3(5)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
13.2876 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.3801 0 TD
.2263 Tc
[(Co)226.3(n)252.9(l)242.3(yi)242.4(nt)242.4(h)226.3(e)9.8(c)241.3(a)241.3(s)242.7(eo)242.5(f)]TJ
-13.6678 -1.1174 TD
-.0157 Tc
[(Ca\(C)-15.7(l)9.7(O)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 366.4062 241.285 Tm
0 Tc
(4)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 369.9778 242.929 Tm
(\))Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 373.096 241.285 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 380.1259 242.929 Tm
-.0156 Tc
[(sample)-15.6(s)10(.)-353.1(Here)-15.6(,)-338.1(g)-15.6(r)11(o).6(wth)-356.5(i).5(n)-350.8(3)-172.2(wt%)-351.8(C)-.4(a\()-15.6(C)10(l).5(O)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 539.5463 241.285 Tm
0 Tc
(4)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 543.118 242.929 Tm
(\))Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 546.2361 241.285 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 336.6424 231.9873 Tm
[(w)15.3(a)15(s)-173.7(n)16.2(ot)-157.8(de)25.4(t)16(e)15(c)15(t)16.1(ed)-158.9(af)25.5(t)16.1(e)15(r)-173.9(i)16.1(n)16.2(o)0(c)25.4(u)16.2(l)16(a)15(ti)26.3(o)16.2(n)-173.9(w)15.3(i)16.1(t)16.1(h)-173.9(t)16.1(h)0(e)-158.9(s)0(t)26.7(o)16.2(c)15(k)-173.9(s)16.4(o)16.2(lu)26.5(t)16(i)16(o)16.2(n)]TJ
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[(\(2015\).)-251.9(The)-246.5(temperature)]TJ
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[(C)-312.2(vs.)-303.2(4)]TJ
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[(C\))-309.6(of)-307.2(the)-307.4(water)-307(activity)-311.9(is)-305.8(negligible)-309.6(for)-304.6(Cl)]TJ
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[(\(Fontan)-307.6(and)-308.6(Chirife,)-303.7(1981\))-310.2(and)-302.2(ClO)]TJ
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(4)Tj
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8.7511 0 0 8.7511 447.9306 65.6504 Tm
[(solutions)-306.4(\(Toner)-304.9(and)-308.6(Catling,)]TJ
-44.0982 -1.0236 TD
[(2016\))-329.6(at)-334.5(temperatures)-337.6(above)-333.4(0)]TJ
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(C.)Tj
ET
q
420.92 0 0 321.846 96.775 410.4 cm
/Im1 Do
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BT
/F9 1 Tf
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[(FIG.)-256.1(1.)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
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[(Gr)20.2(ow)20.2(th)-232.5(cu)19.9(rv)21(es)-239.1(of)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
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[(P.)-230.1(ha)15.3(lo)20.9(cr)20.1(yo)19.9(ph)21.1(il)14.9(us)]TJ
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7.3837 0 0 6.5625 409.0392 391.9747 Tm
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[(co)19.9(nc)19.9(en)19.9(tr)20.9(at)13.9(io)20.9(ns)-232.2(at)-233.7(25)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
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[(C\()241.6(r)262.6(e)241.6(dc)241.6(u)261.5(r)241.6(v)262.7(e)241.6(s)261.6(\))]TJ
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[(an)19.9(d)-283.2(4)]TJ
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[(C)-284.2(\()0(b)21.1(l)0(u)15.1(e)-284.3(cu)19.9(rv)21(es)20.1(\).)-275(X)-284(i)0(n)20.9(d)0(i)20.9(c)0(a)18.7(t)0(e)13.9(s)-283(th)20.9(e)-284.3(d)0(e)19.9(t)0(e)19.7(c)0(t)19.7(i)0(o)20.9(n)-283.2(li)14.9(m)15.1(i)0(t)-278.7(\()0(n)21(o)-283.2(de)19.9(te)19.7(ct)19.7(ab)19.9(le)-274(CF)14.5(Us)-273.3(in)-272.8(a)-284.3(1)0(0)21.1(0)]TJ
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[(me)18.7(th)20.9(od)-255.4(as)-256.4(ex)19.9(pl)20.9(ai)13.9(ne)19.9(d)-265.9(i)0(n)-255.5(S)0(e)20.1(c)0(t)19.7(i)0(o)20.9(n)-265.9(2.)18.7(2.)-252(MS)20.4(Cg)-256.4(va)19.9(lu)20.9(es)-256.4(ar)14.1(e)-261.3(8)-265.9(an)19.9(d)-265.9(1)0(0)-145.9(w)0(t)14.3(%)-261.1(Ca)18.9(Cl)]TJ
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[(fo)21(r)-265.9(2)0(5)]TJ
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[(Ca)266.9(n)286.8(d)1(4)]TJ
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(2)Tj
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[(at)-314.3(4)]TJ
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[(HEINZ)-335.2(ET)-338.7(AL.)]TJ
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