dc.contributor.author	Fenner, Daniel
dc.contributor.author	Bechtel, Benjamin
dc.contributor.author	Demuzere, Matthias
dc.contributor.author	Kittner, Jonas
dc.contributor.author	Meier, Fred
dc.date.accessioned	2022-01-05T10:53:17Z
dc.date.available	2022-01-05T10:53:17Z
dc.date.issued	2021-12-03
dc.date.updated	2021-12-17T17:55:30Z
dc.description.abstract	In recent years, the collection and utilisation of crowdsourced data has gained attention in atmospheric sciences and citizen weather stations (CWS), i.e., privately-owned weather stations whose owners share their data publicly via the internet, have become increasingly popular. This is particularly the case for cities, where traditional measurement networks are sparse. Rigorous quality control (QC) of CWS data is essential prior to any application. In this study, we present the QC package “CrowdQC+,” which identifies and removes faulty air-temperature (ta) data from crowdsourced CWS data sets, i.e., data from several tens to thousands of CWS. The package is a further development of the existing package “CrowdQC.” While QC levels and functionalities of the predecessor are kept, CrowdQC+ extends it to increase QC performance, enhance applicability, and increase user-friendliness. Firstly, two new QC levels are introduced. The first implements a spatial QC that mainly addresses radiation errors, the second a temporal correction of the data regarding sensor-response time. Secondly, new functionalities aim at making the package more flexible to apply to data sets of different lengths and sizes, enabling also near-real time application. Thirdly, additional helper functions increase user-friendliness of the package. As its predecessor, CrowdQC+ does not require reference meteorological data. The performance of the new package is tested with two 1-year data sets of CWS data from hundreds of “Netatmo” CWS in the cities of Amsterdam, Netherlands, and Toulouse, France. Quality-controlled data are compared with data from networks of professionally-operated weather stations (PRWS). Results show that the new package effectively removes faulty data from both data sets, leading to lower deviations between CWS and PRWS compared to its predecessor. It is further shown that CrowdQC+ leads to robust results for CWS networks of different sizes/densities. Further development of the package could include testing the suitability of CrowdQC+ for other variables than ta, such as air pressure or specific humidity, testing it on data sets from other background climates such as tropical or desert cities, and to incorporate added filter functionalities for further improvement. Overall, CrowdQC+ could lead the way to utilise CWS data in world-wide urban climate applications.	en
dc.description.sponsorship	DFG, 437467569, ENLIGHT – ENabling the anaLysIs of Global urban HeaT	en
dc.identifier.eissn	2296-665X
dc.identifier.uri	https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/16041
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-14815
dc.language.iso	en	en
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	en
dc.subject.ddc	577 Ökologie	de
dc.subject.other	crowdsourcing	en
dc.subject.other	quality control	en
dc.subject.other	citizen weather station	en
dc.subject.other	private weather station	en
dc.subject.other	urban climate	en
dc.subject.other	Netatmo	en
dc.subject.other	Amsterdam	en
dc.subject.other	Toulouse	en
dc.title	CrowdQC+—A Quality-Control for Crowdsourced Air-Temperature Observations Enabling World-Wide Urban Climate Applications	en
dc.type	Article	en
dc.type.version	publishedVersion	en
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.articlenumber	720747	en
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.doi	10.3389/fenvs.2021.720747	en
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.journaltitle	Frontiers in Environmental Science	en
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.originalpublishername	Frontiers	en
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.originalpublisherplace	Lausanne	en
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.volume	9	en
tub.accessrights.dnb	free	en
tub.affiliation	Fak. 6 Planen Bauen Umwelt::Inst. Ökologie::FG Klimatologie	de
tub.affiliation.faculty	Fak. 6 Planen Bauen Umwelt	de
tub.affiliation.group	FG Klimatologie	de
tub.affiliation.institute	Inst. Ökologie	de
tub.publisher.universityorinstitution	Technische Universität Berlin	en

CrowdQC+—A Quality-Control for Crowdsourced Air-Temperature Observations Enabling World-Wide Urban Climate Applications

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