dc.contributor.author	Zhang, Jiudan
dc.contributor.author	Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga
dc.contributor.author	Kabisch, Stefan
dc.contributor.author	Markova, Mariya
dc.contributor.author	Hornemann, Silke
dc.contributor.author	Sucher, Stephanie
dc.contributor.author	Rohn, Sascha
dc.contributor.author	Machann, Jürgen
dc.contributor.author	Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H.
dc.date.accessioned	2022-06-08T12:53:17Z
dc.date.available	2022-06-08T12:53:17Z
dc.date.issued	2022-05-19
dc.date.updated	2022-06-01T18:07:15Z
dc.description.abstract	Glucagon (GCGN) plays a key role in glucose and amino acid (AA) metabolism by increasing hepatic glucose output. AA strongly stimulate GCGN secretion which regulates hepatic AA degradation by ureagenesis. Although increased fasting GCGN levels cause hyperglycemia GCGN has beneficial actions by stimulating hepatic lipolysis and improving insulin sensitivity through alanine induced activation of AMPK. Indeed, stimulating prandial GCGN secretion by isocaloric high protein diets (HPDs) strongly reduces intrahepatic lipids (IHLs) and improves glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, the role of GCGN and circulating AAs in metabolic improvements in 31 patients with T2DM consuming HPD was investigated. Six weeks HPD strongly coordinated GCGN and AA levels with IHL and insulin sensitivity as shown by significant correlations compared to baseline. Reduction of IHL during the intervention by 42% significantly improved insulin sensitivity [homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) or hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps] but not fasting GCGN or AA levels. By contrast, GCGN secretion in mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) decreased depending on IHL reduction together with a selective reduction of GCGN-regulated alanine levels indicating greater GCGN sensitivity. HPD aligned glucose metabolism with GCGN actions. Meal stimulated, but not fasting GCGN, was related to reduced liver fat and improved insulin sensitivity. This supports the concept of GCGN-induced hepatic lipolysis and alanine- and ureagenesis-induced activation of AMPK by HPD.	en
dc.description.sponsorship	BMEL, 2815407110, Verbundprojekt: LeguAN - Innovative und ganzheitliche Wertschöpfungskonzepte für funktionelle Lebens- und Futtermittel aus heimischen Körnerleguminosen vom Anbau bis zur Nutzung - Teilprojekt 2	en
dc.identifier.eissn	2296-861X
dc.identifier.uri	https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/17065
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-15844
dc.language.iso	en	en
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	en
dc.subject.ddc	540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften	de
dc.subject.other	glucagon	en
dc.subject.other	insulin sensitivity	en
dc.subject.other	liver fat content	en
dc.subject.other	alanine	en
dc.subject.other	type 2 diabetes	en
dc.subject.other	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	en
dc.subject.other	high protein diet	en
dc.title	High Protein Diets Improve Liver Fat and Insulin Sensitivity by Prandial but Not Fasting Glucagon Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes	en
dc.type	Article	en
dc.type.version	publishedVersion	en
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.articlenumber	808346	en
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.doi	10.3389/fnut.2022.808346	en
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.journaltitle	Frontiers in Nutrition	en
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.originalpublishername	Frontiers	en
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.originalpublisherplace	Lausanne	en
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.volume	9	en
tub.accessrights.dnb	free	en
tub.affiliation	Fak. 3 Prozesswissenschaften::Inst. Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie::FG Lebensmittelchemie und Analytik	de
tub.affiliation.faculty	Fak. 3 Prozesswissenschaften	de
tub.affiliation.group	FG Lebensmittelchemie und Analytik	de
tub.affiliation.institute	Inst. Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie	de
tub.publisher.universityorinstitution	Technische Universität Berlin	en

High Protein Diets Improve Liver Fat and Insulin Sensitivity by Prandial but Not Fasting Glucagon Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes

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