Formation of a carcinogenic aromatic amine from an azo dye by human skin bacteria in vitro

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dc.contributor.authorPlatzek, T.
dc.contributor.authorLang, C.
dc.contributor.authorGrohmann, G.
dc.contributor.authorGi, U.-S.
dc.contributor.authorBaltes, W.
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-08T17:46:28Z
dc.date.available2019-01-08T17:46:28Z
dc.date.issued1999
dc.descriptionDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.de
dc.descriptionThis publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.en
dc.description.abstractAzo dyes represent the major class of dyestuffs. They are metabolised to the corresponding amines by liver enzymes and the intestinal microflora following incorporation by both experimental animals and humans. For safety evaluation of the dermal exposure of consumers to azo dyes from wearing coloured textiles, a possible cleavage of azo dyes by the skin microflora should be considered since, in contrast to many dyes, aromatic amines are easily absorbed by the skin. A method for measuring the ability of human skin flora to reduce azo dyes was established. In a standard experiment, 361011 cells of a culture of Staphylococcus aureus wereincubatedinsyntheticsweat (pH 6.8, final volume 20 mL) at 288C for 24 h with Direct Blue 14 (C.I. 23850, DB 14). The reaction products were extracted and analysed using HPLC. The reduction product o-tolidine (3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, OT) could indeed be detected showing that the strain used was able to metabolise DB 14 to the corresponding aromatic amine. In addition to OT, two further metabolites of DB 14 were detected. Using mass spectrometry they were identified as 3,3'-dimethyl-4-amino-4'-hydroxybiphenyl and 3,3'-di methyl-4-aminobiphenyl. The ability to cleave azo dyes seems to be widely distributed among human skin bacteria, as, under these in vitro conditions, bacteria isolated from healthy human skin and human skin bacteria from strain collections also exhibited azo reductase activity. Further studies are in progress in order to include additional azo dyes and coloured textiles. At the moment, the meaning of the results with regard to consumer health cannot be finally assessed.en
dc.identifier.eissn1477-0903
dc.identifier.issn0960-3271
dc.identifier.urihttps://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/8924
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-8053
dc.language.isoen
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
dc.subject.ddc610 Medizin und Gesundheitde
dc.subject.otherazo dyesen
dc.subject.otherskin bacteriaen
dc.subject.othermetabolismen
dc.titleFormation of a carcinogenic aromatic amine from an azo dye by human skin bacteria in vitroen
dc.typeArticleen
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.doi10.1191/096032799678845061
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.issue9
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.journaltitleHuman & Experimental Toxicologyen
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.originalpublishernameSAGE Publicationsen
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.originalpublisherplaceWashington, DCen
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.pageend559
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.pagestart552
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.volume18
tub.accessrights.dnbdomain
tub.affiliationFak. 3 Prozesswissenschaften::Inst. Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie::FG Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologiede
tub.affiliation.facultyFak. 3 Prozesswissenschaftende
tub.affiliation.groupFG Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologiede
tub.affiliation.instituteInst. Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemiede
tub.publisher.universityorinstitutionTechnische Universität Berlinde

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